LITTLE KNOWN FACTS ABOUT PPLN CRYSTAL.

The system for GRIIRA emanates from the generation of polarons from crystal defects for instance, Nb ions occupying Li ion web pages (known as antisite defects), and Fe ion impurities. Doping lithium niobate with MgO lowers the onset of GRIIRA, because it permits Mg ions to replace the Nb antisite defects.If a centered Gaussian beam is utilized, ge